Reactive Attachment Disorder - 1502 Words

Reactive Attachment Disorder What are the consequences when children are not given the love, a sense of safety, and care they need? While some of the behaviors of Reactive Attachment Disorder has been noted as far back as the mid-20th century (Fox and Zeanah 32), and was not even introduced as a disorder until 1980 in the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Gleason and Zeanah 207). Children have been exhibiting the symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder long before scientist started documenting it. During the early years, not much was known about Reactive Attachment Disorder, although scientist have learned much about this disorder since. Unfortunately, it is a common misconception that only adopted children have this disorder. The thought is that children taken from their parental units by state officials or from orphanages, mostly from overseas, at a young age and placed into new homes caused this problem, but this has since been found to be untrue. Children that do not receive the nurturing love, the feeling of safety, and are abused in many different ways will have this disorder. The life of a child diagnosed with Reactive Attachment Disorder can be extremely difficult due to the characteristic angry outbursts, the habitual telling of untruths, and recurrent stealing which can cause the people around them have a difficult time making a connection with them. In the past many people felt children with Reactive Attachment DisorderShow MoreRelatedReactive Attachment Disorder1797 Words   |  8 Pages Reactive Attachment Disorder is a common infancy/early childhood disorder. Reactive attachment disorder is located under the trauma- and stressors-related disorder section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Fifth Edition. It is normally diagnosed when an infant or child experience expresses a minimal attachment to a figure for nurturance, comfort, support, and protection. Although children diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder have the ability to selectRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder ( Rad ) Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesReactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) was first introduced just over 20 years ago, with the publication of DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). In the DSM-IV. The disorder is defined by aberrant social behavior that appears in early childhood and is evident cross contextually(1994). The disorder describes aberrant social behaviors in young children that are believed to derive from being reared in caregiving environments lacking species-typical nurturance and stimulation, such as in instancesRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder Of Children1512 Words   |  7 PagesReactive Attachment Disorder in Children Introduction to the Diagnosis According to Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, a dependable, safe, and caring relationship with a primary caregiver is vital to an infant’s psychological health (Bowlby, 1951). In particular, children lacking a secure attachment with their primary caregivers are at risk of developing emotional and behavioral issues (Blakely Dziadosz, 2015). Unfortunately, the human bonds normally formed in infancy are fractured in neglectedRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder ( Rad ) Treatment1246 Words   |  5 PagesReactive attachment disorder (RAD) Treatment There are many treatments for RAD: inner child work, cognitive restructuring, insight oriented therapy, holding therapy, re-parenting, cognitive behavioral therapy, and theraplay to name a few. Nevertheless, some of them have proven to be more effective than others, while some are highly controversial such as holding therapy which consist of obligating the disordered child to hugged or force them to receive tokens of affection against their will. Re-parentingRead MoreCase Study : Transference, Reactive Attachment Disorder1236 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Transference The flowing case study of a female, Mallory, suffering from transference, reactive attachment disorder, and depressive disorder due to reactive attachment disorder believed to be caused by incidents that occurred between her and an important individual in her life. Mallory initially comes to see Dr. Santos for what she descried as mild depressive symptoms. Patient/Client Mallory is a 25-year-old female. She said before coming that she is dissatisfied with multiple aspectsRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder And The Age Of Five And Affects How A Child1815 Words   |  8 PagesReactive attachment disorder manifests before the age of five and affects how a child is able to attach to their guardians, teachers, friends, authority figures, and any other person in their lives. There are two recognized types of reactive attachment disorder. The inhibited type and the disinhibited type (Rhodes, 2016). The inhibited type is â€Å"emotionally withdrawn† (Roberds Davis, 2011). They do not initiate social relations or respond developmentally appropriately. The disinhibited type couldRead MoreA Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Foster Care And Institutional Care For Children With Signs Of Reactive Attachment Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pages(CCAI, 2012). Can these children developmental need be meet in institutions and enable children to make sucker attachments? The American Journal of Psychiatry’s article â€Å"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Foster Care and Institutional Care for Children With Signs of Reactive Attachment Disorder† examines signs of emotionally withdrawn and indiscriminately social reactive attachment disorder in three groups of young Romanian children that were abandoned by their parents. The placement of childrenRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder4031 Words   |  17 PagesA Research on Reactive Attachment Disorder of Early Childhood Yolanda Ashton Liberty University Abstract This paper explores the psychological disorder known as Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). It will investigate how a child diagnosed with RAD will have an inefficient connection with his or her caregiver during an early age. RAD is considered a serious disorder which affects infant and young children who have difficultiesRead MoreAn Overview Of Reactive Attachment Disorder1306 Words   |  6 PagesExtensive Overview of Reactive Attachment Disorder Reactive attachment disorder, also known as RAD, is characteristic of children who have developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors. As mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (2013), â€Å"The essential feature (of reactive attachment disorder) is absent or grossly underdeveloped attachment between the child and putative caregiving adults† (p. 266). This underdeveloped attachment is in response to a childRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder ( Ptsd )1717 Words   |  7 PagesReactive Attachment Disorder 1. Introduction Reactive Attachment Disorder is classified under Trauma- and Stressor- Related Disorders under the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The following mental disorders are also classified under Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders: Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, Adjustment Disorders, Other Specified Trauma-

Nutritional and Fitness Paper Free Essays

My sthrongest dimensions after taking the self-test are intellectual health, social health and environmental health. I think that I am sthrongest in intellectual health because I don’t make rash decisions in my life without thinking about the consequences. When I was younger I seemed to get myself in trouble a few times and at one point it got so bad that I had to really look at myself and question the decisions that I was making. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutritional and Fitness Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I learned from the mistakes that I made in my teen years and have helped me a lot when making decisions in work and with friends. In social health I scored sthrongest in this category I feel because I am able to listen to others problems without making it about myself. If a friend comes to me with a problem, I tend to listen to them more than give my own opinion or feedback unless I am asked. I always try to give people the benefit of doubt and don’t judge them when I first meet them. Social health also includes relationships with family and friend, I come from a close knit family and have a good relationship with my immediate family and can’t see myself not ever talking to any of them. My friendship also have the stayed the same tthroughout the years, I have the same friends I have had since high school and college. In environmental health I believe was one of many sthrongest because over the years I have become aware of global warming and the affect that is being done to our planet and resources. When I am brushing my teeth, I turn of the faucet until I need the water again; I also use energy saving light bulbs all around my house to save electricity. I have been recycling bottles, cans and paper and have even gotten some of my family members to do the same. I know that I can do more in regards to getting out there and spread the word little by little. The way that I can become sthronger in physical health is by exercising more, whether it be taking the stairs instead of the elevator or going for a walk around the block. I could also try to improve my physical health by eating healthier meals during the day and cutting out junk food and instead eat more vegetables and fruits. I can also try and improve my sleeping patterns and get more sleep during the night. The way that I can change my emotional health is by understanding me more, for example, if I am feeling mad or aggravated at some one, I can take time and compose myself and approach the situation differently. The way that I can change my spiritual health is by getting more involved in the community and do more charitable events. I have to involve myself more in nature, for example, if I go to the park I can sit on a bench and listen to the birds chirping, the wind blowing and connect with Mother Nature. Some personal choices that I can make to improve my health are; exercising, eating healthy and quit smoking. I have started to get back in the routine of exercising for at least an hour a day, I will be using the shaping technique so that I won’t overwhelm myself and quit within the first couple of days. In eating healthy I can learn to cut out junk and greasy food, it’s important that I learn this because I have a daughter myself and I don’t want her to suffer from any health issues, such as diabetes or child obesity. I have to make these choices so that I can be a good example to my daughter and she will be able to make better choices. A behavior change technique that could help me I shaping, which is when â€Å"to reach a goal, you may need to take several individual steps, each designed to change one small piece of a larger behavior† (Donatelle, 2010). This technique would help me in exercising, for example, I can begin to walk for 30 minutes a day and after my body becomes accustomed to the exercise I will add more minutes to it until I have become used to working out. Another behavior change is called visualization, which mearns â€Å"mentally practice can transform healthy behavior into healthy ones† (Donatelle, 2010). This technique could help also in my exercise, for example, if I am going up a hill I can mentally tell myself â€Å"you can do this†. This will prepare my mind so that my body will go. Another technquie I called modeling which mearns â€Å"learning behaviors by watching other perform them† (Donatelle, 2010). This would be helpful in exercising because I will have someone else who can go to the gym with me and be motivated by them just being there. Controlling the situation would mean â€Å"the right setting or the right group of people will positively influence your behavior† (Donatelle, 2010). How to cite Nutritional and Fitness Paper, Papers

Foot And Mouth Essay Research Paper Foot free essay sample

Foot And Mouth Essay, Research Paper Foot and oral cavity disease ( FMD ) is a terrible, extremely catching viral disease of cowss, sheep, and swine. It besides will impact caprine animals, cervid, and other cloven-footed animate beings. This disease is characterized by febrility and blister-like lesions on the lingua and lips in the oral cavity, on the bags, and between the claws. Many affected animate beings normally recover, but the disease leaves them debilitated. It causes terrible losingss in the production of milk and meat. This disease spreads widely and quickly and it carries with it grave economic and physical effects. Because of these grounds, many farm animal proprietors dread this disease. This disease is caused by a virus. This virus has the ability to stay feasible in carcases, in carnal byproducts, in H2O, in such stuffs as straw and bedclothes and even in the unfastened grazing lands. There are seven different types and many subtypes of FMD virus. The carnal s can go infected by one or more than one virus types at the same type. Recovered animate beings can endure perennial onslaughts of the disease because unsusceptibility to one type does non protect against other types. FMD is spread by animate beings, people, and stuffs that bring the virus into physical contact with susceptible animate beings. Some of the +causes of an eruption are: V Peoples wear contaminated apparels of footwear or usage contaminated equipment V Contaminated animate beings are introduced to susceptible herds V Contaminated installations are used to keep susceptible animate beings V Contaminated vehicles are used to transport animate beings 5 Raw or improperly cooked refuse incorporating septic meat or animate beings merchandises is fed to animate beings V Animals are exposed to countries that may hold been contaminated with the virus V Animals drink contaminated H2O V Cow is inseminated by seeds from an septic bull There has been no documented instance of human going infected with the disease ; nevertheless, they can transport it on inheritor apparels and hair, even in their lungs and anterior nariss, the virus, which kills cloven-footed animate beings such as cowss, cervid, hogs, and sheep. Symptoms of the FMD virus are cyst or blisters on the oral cavity or on the feel and ensuing driveling or limping are the best-known mark or the disease. Often the blisters are non seen until they rupture. Some of the other marks that is important for this disease that have been noticed during eruptions: 5 Temperature rises and falls in approximately 48 hours 5 Rupture of cysts discharge either clear or nebulose fluid and go forth natural, eroded countries environing by ragged fragments of loose tissue V Sticky, foamy, wiry spit is produced 5 Consumption of provender is reduced because of painful lingua and oral cavity lesions V Lameness with reluctance to travel is frequently ascertained V Abortions frequently occur V Milk flow of septic cow beads suddenly 5 Conception rates may be low Meat animate beings do non usually recover lost weight for many months. Cured cattles rarely produce milk at their former rates. It can take to myocarditis and decease most frequently in newborn animate beings. Foot and oral cavity disease are normally acquire confused with several similar but less harmful domestic. Some of these are vesicular stomatitis, bluetongue, bovid viral diarrhoea, and pes putrefaction in cowss and vesicular skin eruption of swine and swine vesicular disease in hogs. Laboratory trial are used to find whether the disease doing them is FMD. This disease is widespread. FMD is one of the most hard to incorporate because it occurs in assorted parts of the universe. Animals and carnal byproducts from countries known to be infected are prohibited entry into the state. Animals in this state are really susceptibility to FMD because animate beings in this country had non developed unsusceptibility to it. The last reported eruption of foot-and-mouth disease was in 1981 in England. The most important outbreak prior to this 1 was in 1967 when 400,000 animate beings were slaughtered and the disease took six months to acquire under control. It has occurred once more after 20 old ages due to the Type O virus of foot-and-mouth, which surfaced in 60 states in 1999. South America, South Africa and Asia all had eruptions and through trade with these states, the septic meat has been distributed worldwide. Once the disease is present, it spreads really rapidly within 100 stat mis of the infection other instances can happen ( Brown 2 ) . Slaughter is the best method of commanding the disease. Foot-and-mouth disease can last in the respiratory piece of land of septic animate beings and is easy transmitted to other farm animal. If the disease is allowed to stay in the farm animal, higher Numberss will go increased and rise the opportunities of a rhythm of re-infection. Animals that are infected are no longer productive farm animate beings as some may be feeble, milk and meat outputs falls and construct rates fall as the addition of abortion is observed. It is hard to to the full find the effects of the slaughtering as new instances are still being reported. Surveies are uncovering that the motion of these animate beings was much broader than expected, hence infecting more animate beings that before anticipated. These animate beings were by and large moved by the husbandmans in attempts to conserve their land. Animals are being killed to forestall the disease from distributing and for economic grounds. The virus is deadly and is really capable of infecting all the animate beings that have hoofs. Though the figure of farm animal being killed is really high it is little in contrast to the sum of animate beings in the universe that would finally go septic. The extinction of these cloven-hoof animate beings is a really existent possibility if the disease was non to be contained. From an economic point of view, trade go arounding around the animate beings for genteelness, wool and meat would discontinue to be. The sum of animate beings slaughtered has varied from state to state. From February 19 to April 19 about 1.2 million animate beings have been destroyed in Great Britain entirely. Many different instances have been reported in other states as good 1,400 in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Through April 20, 2001 France reported 2 instances, in Holland, 25 instances were reported and in Ireland 3 confirmed instances. The foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed to be present in Holland on March 21, 2001 and in Ireland on March 22, 2001. Though the slaughter is an effectual method to incorporate the disease as the carcases are subsequently burned, many people are protesting. Some do non see the point in killing the animate beings of clean farms adjacent to outbreaks. In Gloucestershine, England more than 100 protestors barricaded entry to a farm containing animate beings that have non yet contracted the disease ( Leeman 1-2 ) . Foot-and-mouth disease has had many effects on the day-to-day lives and activities of the citizens populating in the affected states and those were the disease has non become widespread. The Fairmount Park Commission and the Philadelphia School District cancelled a sheep shearing event the yearly occurs in the metropolis. This event usually draws 2,000 to 4,000 people and their $ 1 admittances helps pay for care for farms in the encompassing country. This twelvemonth, people can no longer merely demo up. Alternatively they are forced to schedule an assignment and verify that they have non late traveled to an septic state. Other events affecting farm animal are being cancelled every bit good. In Rochester Minnesota, an one-year farm breakfast was cancelled. The public breakfast was cancelled in hopes of protecting the animate beings in the country from the disease because the event has been known to pull international visitants in add-on to those populating nearby ( AP 1 ) . In Austin Texas, a newspaper article studies that Equus caballus larcenies in the southwest part of the U.S. are on the rise. These stolen Equus caballuss are sold to a abattoir for processing. Rob Hosford of the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association says that it takes less than a hebdomad for a Equus caballus slaughtered in Texas to demo up on a bill of fare in Paris. Some stealers are so efficient that the carcase has left the state by the clip the proprietor has reported the Equus caballus stolen ( Garcia 1 ) . The monetary value on Equus caballus meat has more than doubled as a consequence of the spread of foot-and-mouth overseas. Besides people who have late traveled from overseas are unable to travel to the menagerie until 48 hours after their return. Zoo functionaries fear that the disease would be given to the animate beings populating within the menagerie and the mode it would distribute among other farm animal. As a preventive step, these travellers should avoid all contact with animate beings. The fright of foot-and-mouth spreading to the United States is still really great. David Huxsoll, manager of USDA s lab at Plum Island, N.Y. gives the U.S. imposts functionaries recognition in their effectivity of maintaining the disease out of the U.S. therefore far. He attributes the success to their diligence and besides in portion to luck ( Naedele 2 ) . The National Farmer s Union is naming for a tighter control of imported meat every bit good. They are coercing stricter cheques at ports for airdromes and boundary lines, utilizing Canis familiariss to inspect the meat and are posting marks admonishing travellers about the dangers of conveying nutrient merchandises back into the state. Within the septic countries increased steps are being performed. Intensified slaughter is happening in documented hot musca volitanss. All sheep, caprine animals and hogs within a 3km radius of known eruptions are automatically slaughtered. Cattles are non included in this 3km radius because they display obvious symptoms, doing sensing simple. A 21-day sheep motion is employed to restrict the criss-crossing of animate beings across the state. The current policy is under changeless reappraisal ( NFU 4-5 ) . Some of the animate beings that are being killed for preventive steps may look to be healthy. Sheep may incorporate the disease for months, but appear to be a diagnostic. Hogs have a higher hazard of being infected ; hence, they have a higher hazard of conveying the disease. The method of bar is to foretell where the disease will hit following and to butcher the animate beings before they infect the whole farm. British meat is still safe to purchase. The British Farm Standard is the logo to look out for when sing purchasing British meat. The logo is from an independent company who sets their ain criterions. Livestock husbandmans can get down reconstructing their farms merely after many months of strict disinfections. The full farm and the edifices must be disinfected for months. Northern Ireland will keep a mass slaughtering after a 2nd instance of pes and oral cavity disease broke out. Hogs, sheep, and cattles within a two-mile radius of Cookstown in County Tyrone will be killed. Soldiers went through the countryside butchering animate beings to forestall any farther spread of the disease. Unfortunately, new instances of the disease were reported near the boundary line and the seashore. A complete set on the motion of farm animal will be put into consequence. Northern Ireland canceled their one-year parade because of the concerns of this disease. Other big assemblages have been canceled because of the fright of distributing this disease to other parts of the state. Butchering have already began throughout the state. American and Nipponese tourers have canceled trips to Europe because of the concerns of the legion eruptions of this disease. Cancellations due to pick and talk disease could do the British travel industry $ 3.6 billion. Brian Stack, frailty president of the U.S. Tour Operators Association, said Americans are worried about catching pes and oral cavity disease, which is merely a danger to cloven-footed animate beings. ( Pearson 2 ) About 20 % of the 600,000 Nipponese that travel to Europe each twelvemonth are expected to call off their programs. Stack besides estimates that 100,000 Americans will call off trips every bit good. The authorities of Great Britain announced that it has lifted the limitations placed on two states. Professor David King said that the epidemic was to the full under control. On the contrary, veterinaries are still corroborating over two-dozen instances reported day-to-day. In Northamptonshire, animate beings are slaughtered at the septic countries. All the other animate beings will be inspected on a regularly footing for three hebdomads. Afterwards, sheep and caprine animals will be given blood trials. If all of the trials are negative for the disease, the limitation will be removed within 30 yearss of the slaughtering of the septic animate beings. In Cumbria the epidemic was worsening, but Devon and the Welsh boundary lines were still under high concerns because many people didn t understand the manner the disease was distributing. They believe that the key to halting the spread is to butcher the septic animate beings and their adjacent farms. Advancement is being made to reopen the attractive forces across the state. Property proprietors are reopening their belongingss to people. The Institute of Directors said that the epidemic has cost British companies over $ 30 billion and they expect the losingss to duplicate if the epidemic tallies through July. Smaller concerns have lost an norm of $ 75,000 and larger 1s lost an norm of $ 300,000. The National Farmers Union has estimated that husbandmans were losing $ 360 million a month. ( Leeman 2 ) On April 26, cowss and a flock of 30 sheep that did non hold pes and oral cavity were slaughtered on a 35-acre farm in Devon, England. The following Monday, when functionaries came to clean up and disinfect the evidences of the farm, they discovered a babe calf. The babe calf was found under the dead organic structure of its female parent. The hebdomad old calf, named Phoenix, by the husbandmans who rescued it, was due to be put down that twenty-four hours. The calf, born on Friday, April 13, was inspected by Ministry vets. They arrived shortly after the proprietors called to inform them that they were traveling to necessitate a tribunal order before they put her through the anguish once more. When word of this reached the populace, Phoenix received front-page coverage. The Charolais calf was hailed by the newspapers and farming leaders as a symbol of hope in the nine-week epidemic that has ravaged Britain s agriculture and rural touristry industries and led to the slaughter of 2.4 million animate beings. A spokesman from the Agriculture Minister s office said that the calf was allowed to populate because the authorities was about to signal a major moderation in slaughter policy for some countries. Although Phoenix was likely saved for electoral grounds, animate being lovers, husbandmans, and her proprietors believe that she is a beam of visible radiation for the agriculture industry. In some countries, it was felt, that animate beings were being sentenced to decease on a trifle because a individual widespread field conveying their farm within a specific scope of this annihilating disease. As of April 26, there were 467,000 healthy animate beings slaughtered out of the 2.4 million. Culling will non stop overnight but more flexibleness is being introduced. Now animals on neighbouring farms will be slaughtered merely if they test positive for the disease. Parliament announced that they had expected up to 80 new infected sites a twenty-four hours at this phase of the epidemic. However, new instances are merely averaging 20 positive trials a twenty-four hours. The authorities s head scientist, David King, said that the worst was over and he predicted that the figure of instances would halve every two hebdomads. Mentions AP. Animal Disease Cancels Farm Event. Yahoo intelligence. April 20, 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailynews.yahoo.com Brown, Paul. Causes and Effectss of a deathly virus. The Guardian. March 5, 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/footandmouth.html PG 2. Garcia, Guillermo X, Rise in Equus caballus larcenies linked to bad beef abroad Animals likely end up on European dinner tabular arraies USA Today. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usatoday.com Leeman, Sue. British Foot A ; Mouth Said Controlled. Associated Press. April 19, 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //dailynews.yahoo.com Naedele, Walter F. Fleecing cancelled over illness frights. The Philadelphia Inquirer. hypertext transfer protocol: //inq.philly.com National Farmers Union. Foot and Mouth Disease, your inquiries answered. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nfu.org.uk/info/fmdqorg.asp Pearson, Ryan. UK Fights Tourism Disease Worries. Associated Press. April 17, 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //dailynews.yahoo.com USDA, Foot and Mouth Disease. Veterinary Services, July 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aphis.usda.gov CNN World News, UK to loosen up foot-and-mouth disease. April 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cnn.com Elliot, Valeria, Decision on usage of vaccinum put off for one hebdomad. April 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thetimes.co.uk/article/0, ,2-117384,00.html The Guardian, Foot and Mouth. April 2001. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/footandmouth/graphic/0,7367,464555,00.html

Nature of Taboo Words

There are billions of people living on Earth, who speak more than two hundred different languages. There are languages of different natures, such as analytic or synthetic; in any case, every language is beautiful in its way. It is always pleasant to listen to a native speaker, even if we do not understand what they are saying.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Taboo Words specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From a mouth of a good speaker, the words seem to flow out smoothly, like a flute melody. However, far not all the words have such melodic properties. Some of them people refuse not only to use, but also to hear. Addressing with these words can be treated as a sign of disrespect, while their use by a good-mannered person is unacceptable. These are taboo words. It is a well-known fact that taboo words constitute a group of lexical units, which are undesirable to be used in speech (Jay, 1). However, despite the prohibition of such words, they still exist, function, and, what is most striking, developing in all the languages of the world. This fact obviously points to the controversial nature of taboo words: they were invented by people, and now the same people are trying to vanish them from their languages, and visa versa, while some are trying to avoid taboo words, others are successfully using them. In any case, it should be remembered that society is the only judge, who is to decide, whether a certain word should be referred to as taboo or not. Indeed, one of the main questions about taboo words is: what criterion should be used, while defining, which words are taboo? Obviously, the words are most likely to be considered as taboo, in case they are aimed at humiliation. Admittedly, as a rule, taboo words have a great destructive power; their pronunciation can offend the addressed person, make them feel disgraced or ashamed (McGregor, 27). Taboo words are definitely a tool of an ill- mannered person. However, despite the rather negative nature of taboo words, they are still sometimes resorted to sometimes. Consequently, there have to be some situations, in which the use of taboo words should be justified, or at least explained. Judging from this point of view, we should note, that offence is not the only purpose of taboo words use. Such lexical units are often used in order to emphasize one’s speech, and make it more expressive. In addition, the use of taboo words is proved to be more often observed in people, who are in a state of emotional excitement. Interestingly, not only negative, but also the most positive emotions are sometimes expressed with the help of taboo words (McGinnies, 245). This points to the fact, that taboo words have a very important function in the society, which is serving as a means of expressiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to being useful at a certain level, taboo words still exist in many languages. What is more, they are not likely to disappear. If to think logically, it can be concluded, that taboo words serve as balancing units for the normal language. Indeed, language can only exist in oppositions, and if there are common words, there should be some taboo words. Thus, another function of these lexical units is constituting an opposition to the normed language. In fact, in order to understand the essence of taboo words, it might be useful to analyze the sphere they cover. In case of English language, most of the taboo words are connected to the sphere of sexual intercourse. In other languages, for example Russian, such character of taboo lexicon is also present. However, some of the Russian taboo words originated from Slavic languages, where taboo words were made synthetically, and were used as spells. Logically, those words were to be used very carefully, and they were usually addressed to the most evil enemies. Surprisingly, in French language taboo words are mostly those, which name church attributes (Struck, 1). As it can be seen from these examples, taboo words cover various spheres of life. It may seem hard to establish connection between all the facts, mentioned above. However, there is one feature, which connects sexual intercourse, magic spells, and church attributes. This feature is their secrecy. Indeed, sexual intercourse is an ultimately personal issue, and in our subconsciousness we know that everything connected to it should not be revealed. Similarly, religious rituals are very intimate, and sacral relationships between a human and God should be kept in secret. Therefore, the conclusion to be made is that taboo words usually refer to a sphere of life, which people prefer not to speak about; these spheres are very private, and this determines the nature of taboo words. As a consequence, using taboo words means revealing something secret, showing the bold truth. Furthermore, in taboo words this truth is often used with some rude or negative connotation. All these factors suggest that the first natural reaction to such words is shame. This is the reason why taboo words are most often used by teenagers in communication with their peers, where the feeling of shame is considerably diminished (Stenstrà ¶m, 116). However, despite the often negative meaning of taboo words, some of them are not totally taboo, so to say. Indeed, some taboo words in the linguistic environment can be used with other lexical units, and as a result, they lose their taboo character. One of the examples of such phenomenon is the word â€Å"pussycat†, from which, in case of its division into morphemes, one can derive a very rude taboo word.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Taboo Words specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, taboo words, as any other words, can have multip le meanings, which suggests that their use in different situations is not only desired, but needed. As an example, the word â€Å"bitch† in English has a range of meanings, primary of which is a female animal. Thus, in zoology this word is normal, while in common conversation with people this word can be considered as taboo. Having analyzed the meaning and nature of taboo words, we can now explain the existence of such words. It became obvious that secret thoughts, notions, and actions need to be named; even if people are forbidden to pronounce some things, there still exist names for them. Indeed, deeply believing people prefer not to pronounce the word â€Å"devil† aloud, but they still know this word, and what notion it describes. A similar attitude society has towards taboo words. Even in case these words are not often used, people still need them. Moreover, taboo words reveal one significant feature about society. Their existence proves that the society has a sens e of limits both in their culture and in their language. The sense of shame, which is a very important quality, is also indicated through the taboo words in language. However, the modern world, in which the sense of shame is rejected, suggests that the use of taboo words is normal. Some words, which used to be taboo less than half a century ago (such as the word â€Å"sex†), now have moved into the category of normed lexicon. However, with the progress of life new taboo words appear, as far as it has been proved that society needs them. All in all, it can be stated that the nature of taboo words is rather controversial. Their occurrence, use, together with prohibition are estimated by the society, which both needs and rejects them. Taboo words denote secret spheres of human life, which intensifies their unallowable character. Works Cited Jay, Timothy. â€Å"The Utility and Ubiquity of Taboo Words†. Perspectives on Psychological science. May 2009. 15 May 2010. https://j ournals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01115.x McGinnies, Edward. â€Å"Emotionality in perceptual defense†. Psychological Reviews 56 (1989): 244-251.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McGregor, William. Linguistics: An Introduction. NY: Continuum, 2009. Stenstrà ¶m, Anna-Brita. â€Å"Taboo words in teenage talk: London and Madrid girls’ conversations compared†. Spanish in context 3.1 (2006): 115-138. Struck, Doug. â€Å"Holy cow! In French-speaking Canada, the sacred is also profane† Chicago Tribune. Dec. 2006. 15 May 2010. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2006-12-14-0612130414-story.html This essay on Nature of Taboo Words was written and submitted by user Coleman Bradley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Same Sex-Civil Union essays

Same Sex-Civil Union essays Since the 1960s, gays and lesbians have moved to cities, like, San Francisco, New York, and Los Angeles, where their greater numbers changed local politics and influenced the national gay movement. The fight over same-sex marriage may very well find its next battleground in the cul-de-sacs and shopping malls of New Jersey. New Jersey is one of eight states being sued by gay couples, and polls there show that 55 percent of voters support same-sex marriage. (Montagne, Renee, 2006, February 6, p.1). Currently the discussion of gay marriage or gay unions in New Jersey brings about conflicts between two moral positions, the liberals and the conservatives. Both liberals and conservatives generally view marriage as an agreement between two individuals who what to raise their children to be self-reliant and capable of exercising their individual rights to be responsible, well adjusted adults. Opponents of gay marriage filed three separate legal motions before the Superior Court in Merc er County, New Jersey. These motions are divided into separate defense issues against gay unions; financial, ideological, and political. Each of these attacks caution that same-sex marriage couples who aim to marry threaten the stability of the state. (Padawer, Ruth 2003, February 27, p. 2) Individuals who are for gay marriage believe that every state should endorse the practice of gay unions publicly. So who is politically and Biblically correct on this issue? Liberals believe it is an individuals right and freedom to live in a civil manner with a partner who makes them happy. (Shell, Susan M., 2004, June 22, p.2.) Unlike some states, New Jersey law does not contain language that refers to marriage as between a man and a woman. "An Historic Day . . . ( 2006, December 14 p. 2). The traditional Christian opinion on gay marriage is that a relationship betwee ...

Paviland Cave - The Red Lady Burial of Wales

Paviland Cave - The Red Lady Burial of Wales Definition: Paviland Cave, also known as Goats Hole Cave, is a rockshelter on the Gower peninsula of South Wales in Great Britain that was occupied for different periods and in different intensities from the Early Upper Paleolithic through Final Paleolithic, approximately 35,000 to 20,000 years ago. It is considered the oldest Upper Paleolithic site in Great Britain (called British Aurignacian in some circles), and it is believed to represent an inmigration of early modern humans from mainland Europe, and currently associated with the Gravettian period. The Red Lady It must be said that the reputation of Goats Hole Cave has suffered somewhat because it was discovered before the science of archaeology had a strong foothold in antiquarian research. No stratigraphy was apparent to its excavators; and no spatial data was collected during the excavations. As a result, its discovery nearly 200 years ago has left a fairly muddled trail of theories and suppositions about the age of the site, a trail only clarified the first decade of the 21st century. In 1823, the partial skeleton of a person was discovered within the cave, buried with mammoth (extinct elephant) ivory rods, ivory rings and perforated periwinkle shells. All of these items were heavily stained with red ochre. At the head of the skeleton was a mammoth skull, complete with both tusks; and marker stones were placed nearby. The excavator William Buckland interpreted this skeleton as a Roman-period prostitute or witch, and accordingly, the individual was named the Red Lady. Later investigations have established that this person was a young adult male, not a female. Dates on the human bones and charred animal remains were in debatethe human bones and associated charred bone returned quite different datesuntil the 21st century. Aldhouse-Green (1998) argued that this occupation should be considered Gravettian of the Upper Paleolithic, based on similarities of the tools from sites elsewhere in Europe. These tools included flint leaf points and ivory rods, both common in Upper Paleolithic sites. Chronology Aurignacian In 2008, re-dating and comparison with other sites with similar stone and bone tools indicated to researchers that the Red Lady was buried some ~29,600 radiocarbon years ago (RCYBP), or about 34,000-33,300 calibrated years before the present (cal BP). This date is based on a radiocarbon date from an associated charred bone, backed up by similar aged tools elsewhere, and has been accepted by the scholarly community, and that date would be considered Aurignacian. The tools within Goats Hole Cave are considered late Aurignacian or Early Gravettian in appearance. Thus, scholars believe that Paviland represents an early colonization of the now-submerged Channel River valley during or just before the Greenland interstadial, a brief warming period about 33,000 years ago. Archaeological Studies Paviland Cave was first excavated in the early 1820s, and again in the early 20th century by WJ Sollas. The significance of Paviland is clear, when the list of excavators is obtained, including Dorothy Garrod in the 1920s, and JB Campbell and RM Jacobi in the 1970s. Re-investigations of the previous excavations were conducted by Stephen Aldhouse-Green at the University of Wales, Newport in the late 1990s, and again in the 2010s by Rob Dinnis at the British Museum. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to the Upper Paleolithic and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Aldhouse-Green S. 1998. Paviland Cave: Contextualizing the Red Lady. Antiquity 72(278):756-772. Dinnis R. 2008. On the technology of Late Aurignacian burin and scraper production, and the importance of the Paviland lithic assemblage and the Paviland burin. Lithics: The Journal of the Lithic Studies Society 29:18-35. Dinnis R. 2012. The archaeology of Britains first modern humans. Antiquity 86(333):627-641. Jacobi RM, and Higham TFG. 2008. The â€Å"Red Lady† ages gracefully: new ultrafiltration AMS determinations from Paviland. Journal of Human Evolution 55(5):898-907. Jacobi RM, Higham TFG, Haesaerts P, Jadin I, and Basel LS. 2010. Radiocarbon chronology for the Early Gravettian of northern Europe: new AMS determinations for Maisià ¨res-Canal, Belgium. Antiquity 84(323):26-40. Also Known As: Goats Hole Cave

Petro-geology, petro-politics,and frontiers for Iraq(2005onward) Term Paper

Petro-geology, petro-politics,and frontiers for Iraq(2005onward) - Term Paper Example All these elements were already identifiable by the initial exploration geologists; thus a general procedure of exploration was to conduct drilling of the peak of the anticlines. Kirkuk is renown, very lengthy anticline, which was amongst the first sites to be drilled (Benko, 2008). The extensive reserves revealed in the carbonate basins gave a constructive response to the above mentioned discovery tactic, and in the preceding years a huge number of topographically articulate anticlines were bored. Even though a majority of these structures had a very huge amount of hydrocarbons, impenetrable exemptions do exist, or different explanations concerning reservoir rocks and their efficacy (Hips, 2008). In some oil mine fields of varying eminence, or gas and condensate was revealed in the matching reservoirs. It came to be noticed later on that cretaceous fonts are slightly established. The oil kept in the Cretaceous is obtained from a Cretaceous font. It is decayed in the open parts and n on-biodegraded in the deeper parts; though still at depth the tar is unaffected. In agreement with other regional research, the Jurassic foundation rocks are affluent and are in the oil window (Jassim & Goff, 2006). The carbonate font may give an explanation for the high quantity of sulphur and the considerably high viscosity, but the resultant oils must be of better quality than what is actually established. It was initially presumed that a sediment or gravitational division took place (Sarbazheri, Ghafor & Muhammed, 2009). All in all, more unstable divisions tend to be missing from these oil deposits. The system of Triassic must be late oil to damp gas established, and the petroleum established there keep up a correspondence to the proposed maturity of the origin (Pitman, Steinshouer & Lewan, 2005). Oil Frontiers in Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan region, celebrated by intercontinental petroleum firms as the final frontier for ashore gas and oil discovery, is making efforts to improve its en ergy infrastructure. Greeters at Erbil’s international airport have a sign that sums it all: Weatherford, General Electric, and Reliance-the forerunner of a wave of important new entrance prepared to bore wells or construct pipelines, energy factories and oil refineries (Navabpour, Angelier & Barrier, 2007). The main point of reference of the location’s gas and oil producers is that aid is within reach. This was the main motivation given the fact that in recent times the Kurdistan’s revolutionary oil and gas manufacturers had to be their own drilling and hauling service providers, engineers, repair men, and even mine cleaners. One of the founders of oil and gas exploration is the UAE that found Crescent Petroleum, which started manufacturing gas in Kurdistan in the late 2008. The Corporation’s CEO recounts the major challenges experienced in transporting over 60,000 metric tons of steel and marshalling numerous truckloads over the Turkish border in effort to establish their plant for oil and gas production. This was during the construction of the pipeline. They had to cross the rivers, construct bridges and clear the mines according to the report released by (Robert, 2006). The current situation is very different as power generation plant has been installed, facilitating a transition from the 185 MW supply of power to the current supply of 2,200 MW by use of a twin 50-year old hydroelectric power plant

Investgaton in salon service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Investgaton in salon service - Essay Example In fact, statistics estimate that the salon industry will be a booming market as from 2017 (Jenster, 2005). The objective of this report is to discuss how marketing has influenced the demand for salon services. Beginning a salon business is not easy. It requires investments in time, labour, and opportunity costs of working somewhere else (Ellis, 2010). The world market is crowded, and few customers are fickle, therefore, the salon entrepreneurs require ways to tackle these challenges. Market analysts argue that with good salon marketing, it would be easy to tackle any challenge in the market (Jones, 2008). Marketing is a difficult task that requires proper planning (Brown, 2012). Steady fast execution of the plans is an added advantage. Salon industries that have dominated the markets for longer periods of time have made simple and effective marketing plans. The owners of these salons knew what their priorities were, therefore making their plans simple and effective (Morris, 2006). The paper has a detailed analysis of marketing-related recommendations for the salon industry. During The past decades saw a perception that salons were ‘salon only’ retail facilities. Nowadays, after evolution of this industry, the salons go directly to the customers especially using online services. Literature reviews and studies indicate that the issue of diversion has been a challenge for most saloon owners (Lilien, 2012). During the past, most saloon-only products were diverted illegally. Surprisingly, during the past, some major saloons placed their products on retail shops rather than wholesale shelves (Entrepreneur Press, 2012). With increase in marketing tools, especially advertisements and the social media, not only the distributors of salon products will sell directly to the consumers, but also the manufacturers of these products (Schmidt, 1991). The

RISK ASSESSMENT on the Department of the Army IT Systems Essay Example for Free

RISK ASSESSMENT on the Department of the Army IT Systems Essay 1.Introduction 1.1 Purpose This risk assessment was to identify threats and vulnerabilities related to the Department of the Army (DoA) Information Technology (IT) systems. It will be utilized to identify vulnerabilities in the Computer Network Defense (CND) Capabilities and mitigation plans related to DoA’s IT systems. It was realized that this was a potential high-risk system as noted by the Department of Defense (DoD) Chief Information Officer (CIO). (DoD, 2012) 1.2 Scope This risk assessment applies to all DoA Non-secured Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) and Secured Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET) for Regular Army and Reserve Components. This is a major system that is used by millions of Soldiers, contractors and DA civilians worldwide. The DoA’s IT system is comprised of Army Global Network Operations and Security Center (A-GNOSC) which is responsible for the Army’s day-to-day Tier 2 CND Service Provider. The research methods will present both quantitative and qualitative data which will identify hazards and vulnerabilities to include International-Transnational Terrorism and Domestic Terrorism and present an assessment of the potential risks from them. Information will be collected mainly from DoD’s and DA’s websites. SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION The DoD uses DODI 8510.01, DoD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP), as the process for implementing Certification and Accreditation (CA) within their information system. The Information Assurance (IA) Controls, or security measures that must be implemented on a system, as stated in the DODI 8500.2, Information Assurance (IA) Implementation. The control selection relies on the Mission Assurance Categories (MAC) and Confidentiality Levels (CL). Information Systems (IS) will be allotted a MAC level which shows the importance of the information which is used to determine the IA controls for integrity and availability regarding DODI 8500.2 and will be decided by the DoD or Army by the DIACAP  team (Information Assurance, 2009) MISSION ASSURANCE CATEGORY MAC IIs a high integrity, high availability for DoD ISs handling information that is determined to be vital to the operational readiness or mission effectiveness of deployed and contingency forces in terms of both content and timeliness. The consequence of loss of integrity or availability is unacceptable and could include the immediate and sustained loss of mission effectiveness. MAC IIIs a high integrity, medium availability for DoD ISs handling information that is important to the support of deployed and contingency forces. The consequence of loss of integrity is unacceptable. Loss of availability is difficult to deal with and can only be tolerated for a short time. MAC IIIIs a basic integrity, basic availability for DoD ISs handling information that is necessary for the conduct of day-to-day business, but does not materially affect support to deployed or contingency forces in the short- term. The consequences of loss of integrity or availability can be tolerated or overcome witho ut significant impacts on mission effectiveness or operational readiness. CONFIDENTIALITY LEVELAll ISs will be assigned a confidentiality level based on the classification or sensitivity of the information processed. The confidentiality level is used to establish acceptable access factors and to determine the DODI 8500.2 IA Controls applicable to the information system. DOD has defined the following three confidentiality levels: 1.ClassifiedInformation designated top secret, secret or confidential in accordance with Executive Order 12356. 2.SensitiveInformation the loss, or unauthorized access to or modification of could adversely affect the national interest or conduct of Federal programs, or Privacy Act information. Includes, but is not limited to For Official Use Only (FOUO), Privacy data, unclassified controlled nuclear information, and unclassified technical data. 3.PublicInformation has been reviewed and approved for public release. Note. Mission Assurance Categories table is taken from Information Assurance. (2009) Applications (not an inclusive list): Anti-Spyware General –V4R1, 3 Dec 09, Application Services –V1R1, 17 Jan 06  Application Security Development V3R1, 10 May 10 CITRIX Xen App, V1R1, 23 Jul 09 ESX Server -V1R1, 22 Apr 08 Database –V8R1, 19 Sep 07 Desktop Applications General –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Directory Services –V1R1, 24 Aug 07 ERP –V1R1, 7 Dec 06 ESM –V1R1, 5 Jun 06 HBSS STIG –V2R5, 22 Feb 10 IM –V1R2, 15 Feb 08 InTFOT-V1R1, 2 Oct 09 ISA Server 2006 OWA STIG, V1R1 5 Feb 10 McAfee Antivirus –V4R1 –3 Dec 09 Microsoft Exchange 2003 –V1R1, 6 Aug 09 MicrosoftIE6 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 MicrosoftIE7 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 MicrosoftIE8 –V1R1, 26 Apr 10 Microsoft Office 2003 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Microsoft Office 2007 –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Mozilla Firefox –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 Symantec Antivirus –V4R1, 3 Dec 09 SunRay4 Thin Client –V1R1 –26 Mar 09 VTC STIG –V1R1 –08 Jan 08 Web Server –V6R1, 11 Dec 06. DISA STIG. (2012) THREAT IDENTIFICATION Data from the DoD shows a 20% rise in attacks against its information systems from 43,880 to 54,640 between 2007 to 2008. â€Å"Each of these penetrations involves a series of actions that do not differ substantially whether the intruder is acting on behalf of a terrorist group, a foreign government, a corporation, or is acting as individual. The severe intrusions into cyber systems involve penetrating system security, navigating and mapping the cyber system, targeting the nodes that control the system and contain the most critical data, and often, extracting the data.† (Wortzel, 2009) â€Å"In February 2011, the Deputy Secretary of Defense said that more than 100 foreign intelligence agencies have tried to breach DOD computer networks and that one was successful in breaching networks containing classified information.2 Also, the President of the United States has identified this threat as one of the most serious national security challenges facing the nation.† (Dâ€⠄¢Agostino, 2011, pp. 1) VULNERABILITY IDENTIFICATION THREAT CapabilitySecurity Test ResultsAudit CommentsSeverity SW BaselineNo SW baselineThe DA does not have a documented software inventory. A failure of this control does not lead to an immediate risk. IA Impact AssessmentConfiguration Management Plan (CMP) is not completeThe certification team through document review, that DA does not have formal procedures for IA impact assessment.Failure to assess changes for IA impact could lead to changes being made to the environment that unknowingly  introduce vulnerabilities increasing the risk of compromise. Ports, Protocols, and ServicesOpen ports protocols and services (PPS)The certification team determined through interviews and device configuration reviews, that DA does not perform regular review of their open PPS.Unnecessary open PPS increase the risk of systems being compromised. CONTROL ANALYSIS Incident Handling, IA Training and Certification, Information Assurance Vulnerability Management (IAVM), IA Program Management, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), Certification and Accreditation, Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Wireless Security, Army Web Risk Content Management, Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Portable Electronic Devices (PED), Minimal Information Assurance Technical Requirements, Classified Systems Management and Physical Security and Environmental Controls (Information Assurance, 2009) LIKELIHOOD DETERMINATION THREATSTerrorist (mail bomb)Denial of ServiceUnauthorized Access 1. VulnerabilityUncontrolled accessUpgrading Firmware onlineUnattended computer while logged on 2. MitigationControlled access e.g. common access card, buzzerUpgrade from trusted source onlyLog off computer before leaving area 3. Threat Probability615 Threat Probability: Highest number equals highest probability Note. Threat Matrix is taken from DA Anti-Terrorism Plan (2012). (CH 5 DOD O 2000.12H) IMPACT ANAYLYSIS Criticality Assessment Matrix AssetImportanceEffectRecoverabilityMission FunctionalityTotal Servers 1097834 Routers875626 Highest score = most critical Lowest score = least critical RISK DETERMINATION ValueNumeric Rating Major Deficiency9-10 Significant Deficiency7-8 Moderate Deficiency5-6 Minor Deficiency3-4 Negligible Deficiency1-2 CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS Move the IA Program out of Technical lanes and into Command lanes, clearly define functions for a Command IA Program, define Concept for the Command IA Team (technical and non-technical), develop a reporting methodology for the Command IA Program, develop and provide a Command IA Training Program, develop a Command IA Program Management Course (CIAPMC), develop a Risk Management Model for Information Protection (IP): IA/CND, establish an â€Å"Acceptable Risk Criteria† for the Command IA Program and transform the Army’s IA Policy Formulation Process. (DAIG IA, 2009) SUMMARY Risk Vulnerability/ThreatRisk LevelRecommended ControlsAction Priority Hardware baseline inventory is incomplete. This could lead to the introduction of unauthorized into the network and also makes it difficult to maintain an effective life cycle managementLowComplete current hardware baseline and continue to identify and document future assets.Low Configuration management is not complete and this could lead to changes being made to the environment that unknowingly introduce vulnerabilities. This should be assessed by an IA team before introduced to the network.LowFinalize the configuration management process and implement a plan to assess IA impact of change to the system.Low Open ports, protocols and services. Changes made to the open PPS will lead to exploits and/or data compromise.MediumEnsure that the change management process relating to PPS are developed and enforced.Medium REFERENCES Bendel, B. (2006). An Introduction to Department of Defense IA Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP). Retrieved from http://www.xlr8technologies.com/CMS/admin/Assets/lunarline/pdfs/lunarline_dia cap_process1.pdf D’Agostino, D. (2011). Defense Department Cyber Efforts: More Detailed Guidance needed to Ensure Military ServicesDevelop Appropriate Cyberspace Capabilities. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11421.pdf DoD CIO. (2012). Department of Defense Instruction, Number 8582.01. Security of Unclassified DoD Information on Non-DoD Information Systems. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/858201p.pdf Hudson, J. (2009). Department of the Army Information Security Program. Retrieved from http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r380_5.pdf Stonebumer, G., Goguen, A. Feringa, A. (2002). Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. Retrieved from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30/sp800-30.pdf Information Assurance. (2009). Retrieved from www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r25_2.pdf DIACAP (n.d.) – DoD 8500. Retrieved from http://www.securestate.com/Federal/Certification%20and%20%20Accreditation/Pages/DIACAP-D0D8500.aspx DISA STIG. (2012). Retrieved from http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/a-z.html DoD Anti-Terrorism Program. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/200012p.pdf Wilson, C. (2005). Computer Attack and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/computerattack.htm Wortzel, L. (2009). Preventing Terrorist Attacks, Countering Cyber Intrusions, and Protecting Privacy in Cyberspace. Retrieved from

Business: Practical application vs. ethics :: essays research papers fc

Business: Practical application vs. ethics Pete Holiday said "Capitalism needs to function like a game of tug-of-war. Two opposing sides need to continually struggle for dominance, but at no time can either side be permitted to walk away with the rope." It seems that college is just training for a businessperson to deal with that tug of war. Michael Inciardi, a York College Senior, thought that one of the most important skills he acquired from college was â€Å"Competing seemingly enormous tasks in time that was not enough to do them.† I see college it self as an experience in budgeting your time and allocating for the seemingly enormous tasks when there does not appear to be enough time. Through my interviews and readings, it seems that doing a job quicker is as important then doing it well. Identifying these times is one of the skills a good businessman has. I often ask myself, â€Å"Is adequate work enough? Can I get by simply by doing it faster then the next guy?† This is not the feeling of Colin Hadley, a graduate student at the University of Maryland, He believes doing a person’s best with restrictions is very important â€Å" Whenever we have a long project †¦ Spend hours doing extra research and lots of late nights †¦ It’s usually done just before the deadline but it’s a culmination of a lot of extra work that wasn’t asked for that I just decided was needed.† This leads me to conclude that speed is not the most important aspect thoroughness is just as important. I have also thought about how school is a micro chasm for the real world but is accurate for the real world? Richard Rubenstein, Senior VP at Oppenheimer thought so. Mr. Rubenstein stated in an interview on March 28th â€Å" The competitive school I attended [Lehigh University] allowed me to be a better business person†. He also said that, â€Å"Most schools have a comparable business program and most represent a well rounded business person in the real world. When I do my hiring the school is becoming less important than the internships and extracarriculars† I was also concerned; did these people enjoy their classes? Or did they choose their courses to fill a requirement? It seems everyone had either a class or professor they enjoyed or that opened them to enlightenment. Mr. Inciardi said â€Å"Dr. Forgen’s class was the main reason I switched my major to business.

Knowledge and the sources provided Essay

Evacuation was both successful and unsuccessful. The Government did manage to secure its objectives of keeping children safe and keeping the war machine going without the threat of children being killed which was a successful aspect of evacuation. Although the conditions on the train were cramped and there was a lack of facilities, a vast amount of children were transported out of the cities quickly and efficiently. Most of the children who were evacuated also benefited from it although some did have bad experiences. However a major problem with evacuation was that a significant number of children either did not go or returned back to the danger-zones. Despite the government propaganda for instance the ‘How and Why’ pamphlet, which contributed to the efficient way in which children were evacuated many parents refused to allow their children to leave. In ‘Hope and Glory’ a mother agrees to evacuate her children but then becomes overcome with emotion and unable to part with her children. This was quite a common occurrence and some parents did not even consider evacuating their children due to preconceived ideas. Source E highlights this; the man being interviewed would not send his child away as he thought that † they can’t be looked after where they’re sending them†. This man, like many other citizens had preconceptions of the countryside such as â€Å"they’ve nothing there; they were starving there before the war† Many children who were evacuated returned home, some because they were unhappy and some because their parents did not see the need for them to remain there because of the ‘phoney war’ in which no bombs were dropped on cities. This meant that they would be back in danger zones, which was not a success from the government’s point of view. The actual transportation of the children was very well organised; the children were all registered in advance and were put onto the trains efficiently. Source A depicts evacuees walking to the station in London. This suggests that evacuation was well-ordered as all the children are walking in an orderly fashion; they are all smiling and a few are waving. This shows that the children were content in being evacuated. However one must take into account the fact that the source is a photograph hence it could have been staged. Source B contradicts this and suggests that evacuation was a nerve-racking experience for the children involved as they were â€Å"too afraid to talk†. The source also states that the children didn’t know where they were going; this is a negative factor as it would cause angst amongst the children and suggests disorganisation. As well as simply the organisation and official objectives behind evacuation; there are other aspects which one must consider. Many children gained a lot of new experiences and there were many long-term benefits. Some long-term benefits include broadened horizons of the children, increased understanding between classes and a raised awareness of urban poverty. Many country dwellers did not know how city children lived and evacuation was an opportunity for them to find out. Source C, an extract from ‘Carrie’s War’ by Nina Bowden highlights a misconception about evacuees as the child in the novel says † she thinks we’re poor children, too poor to afford slippers†. However this source is not really a primary source, as although it is based on reality, it is a fictitious novel. A lot of evacuees had positive experiences such as enjoying healthier, safer surroundings than the cities as well as developing a life-long love of the countryside. On the other hand some children were just treated like servants by their foster families or made to feel very unwelcome. These children experienced some of the negative factors of country life. Many of the foster families had negative experiences such as bad-mannered children or children with poor personal hygiene. These experiences are both positive and negative; although they were unpleasant, they resulted in raised awareness of urban children’s welfare. This raised awareness of poverty resulted in the introduction of the Welfare State Shortly after W. W. II. Many foster families and evacuees enjoyed the experience of evacuation and treasured memories of it for many years. The evacuees were predominantly grateful, Source D, a government advertisement suggests that the foster families were â€Å"doing a real service for the nation†; this evokes patriotism and causes people to come together and help each other, which is another positive outcome of evacuation. This advertisement encouraged people to take in evacuees thus making the arrangements easier and more orderly, increasing the successfulness of evacuation. When looking at all the evidence available to us it is clear that although evacuation was not a â€Å"great† success as there were a great deal of setbacks, such as the children who did not go and children who returned home it was quite successful as the government did secure the objective of reducing civilian casualties. Many other benefits were as a result of evacuation and it was an enlightening experience for all those concerned. There were a few negative effects for certain individuals but as a whole, this nation benefited from evacuation.

Institutional Framework – Jitto Paul James

GLOBAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES TOPICS :INSTUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS SUBMITTED BY : JITTO PAUL JAMES 11-PCO-18 Technical framework for global strategies Introduction : Strategies in a global setting involves competition in industries that extends across national boundaries and firms with different national bases that may tap into strategic resources in more than one location. The frameworks for global strategic analysis at four levels are the geographic scope of the industry , the competitiveness of various locations , the geographic reach of the firm and the global integration vs. ocal focus of specific activities . The sustainable growth of the country depends mainly on the quality of a country‘s institutions. Without well-functioning institutions, education and training policies are less effective and factor markets cannot function efficiently. Even the Financial systems, which are a central element in funding new investment, do not function effectively in a weak institutional environm ent . In short, strong institutions are a central determinant of the ability of economies to compete and to grow successfully.Level of analysis : issues , frameworks and actions The principal frames of reference required for strategic thinking and action in an international context , these include those required for defining the geographic scope of industries, the competitive advantage of countries and its implications for the locations of activities and tradeoffs between local responsiveness and global integration of different activities in the value chain . While each of these levels is complex, we find it useful to caricature. each of these frameworks graphically , much as Porter has done ith the five competitiveness . These caricature are drastic oversimplifications and omit many relevant variable and feedbacks , but they call to mind the various dimensions that should be considered . The goal is not to master the framework , but to use it to master the strategic issue at hand . This will require modifying the frameworks, often adding or changing dimensions , as the most relevant simplifications will vary from application to application . The basic frameworks and the definition of the various forces are presented below , together with the key references for each .All of the levels of analysis identified above plays a role in overall strategic process . Often , this process is depicted hierarchically , zooming in , from the most macro to the most micro perspectives from positioning to implementation . In practice , the process is more simultaneous and chaotic , since changes in opportunities or threats may appear at any of the levels , triggering a new round of strategic assessment . Nevertheless , it is useful to present the frameworks as a simple hierarchy from industry structure , location based advantage , and the various dimensions of internationalization of the firm .Institutional bodies for import / export Institutions engaged in export/ import effor t fall in six distinct tiers. At the top is the Department of Commerce in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and their main function is to formulate and guide India’s trade policy. In the Second tier, there are advisory bodies to ensure that export problems are comprehensively dealt with after mutual discussions between the Government and the Industry. At the third tier are the commodity specific organizations, which deal with problems relating to individual commodities and/or groups of commodities.The fourth tier consists of service institutions, which facilitates and assist the exporters to expand their operations and reach out more effectively to the world markets. The fifth tier consists 44 of Government trading organizations specifically set up to handle export/import of specified commodities and to supplement the efforts of the private enterprise in the field of export promotion and import management. Finally ,agencies for export promotion at the State level constitu te the sixth tier. Reference : International business competing in the global market place ( second edition ) by Charles W. L . Hill * Global business strategy : An introduction by Robin John , Grazia Letto Gilles . * Chamber of commerce * Ministry of trade and commerce * Investopedia for definition * EXIM Report http://www. slideshare. net/hemanthcrpatna/a-study-on-media-as-a-source-of-influence http://www. scribd. com/doc/95124603/A-Study-on-Media-as-a-Source-of-Influence-on-Consumer-Decision-Process-in-Bilaspur http://www. studymode. com/essays/Media-Impact-On-Consumer-Buying-Behavior-268694. html? topic

The Concept of Design Icons

The Concept of Design Icons Abstract The concept of design has evolved along the same lines as human civilization. Perhaps this is the paramount aspect that has contributed to the evolution of design both as utilitarian and functional concept. Equally, the very dynamics of design is thus correlated to environment this is testified by the diverse artistic designs that have been created imitating biological concepts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Design Icons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, the emergence of modernism makes the concept of design more simplified and more functional. By attempting to examine the evolution of designs it becomes apparent that design icons are a product of human creation. The plethora of designs as well as architectural values is thus produced. The ancient artifacts demonstrate that styles, designs as well as decorative motifs forms a crucial part of design evolution. Design icons Design icons are in essence representation of style, fashion or objects, imperative not only for aesthetic objectives but as a component of visual identity. This includes utilitarian objectives as well for they act as shorthand tool of sending the meaning or identity to the users. The manner the design icons have evolved captures countless analogies concerning the evolution of diverse organisms as well as human generation of artifacts, in particular buildings. The way designs have over the time developed provides a priceless insight into the evolution of design icons. These developments are profoundly apparent in diverse social aspects especially in architectural including design concepts. Exploring the dynamics of human production in regard to artifacts it would be essential to argue that design icons have evolved from a biological perspective (Wohl 1999). From the ancients times designers have demonstrated that they looked for inspiration from natural features. This has resulted in the creatio n of design icons generated as replica of diverse natural forms either be it a plant or an animal. This illustrates why the pre-modernist designers sought to create features that were almost analogous with the aspects of growth as well as evolution of diverse designs. In essence, the design icons have evolved from the biological perspective. However, in scope of presentation the common approach relied on static emphasis on finished icons which illuminated the completed designs. Therefore, with the years diverse methods were developed in order to establish refined design icons.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though, there were diverse approaches of enhancing the scope of design icons, their evolution touches on such aspects as religious figures, nature and ethnic aspects (Kumar, et al 2004). The diverse designs witnessed all over the world testify to this. Therefore, fr om religious perspective to ethnic approach design icons evolved gradually presenting insight into the community’s innate relationship with the nature. Despite the existing theoretical frameworks existing today, the cultural and technological aspects have continued to impact on designs. Therefore, the manner designs have continued to change can be attributed to historical evolution of designs. While in academic disciplines the evolution of designs is correlated to economic and technological history. Hence, the scope of architecture provides a profound explanation concerning the evolution of design icons. Exploring the typical aspects apparent in the existing assumptions on design the essential elements pertaining to design evolution lays its significance to the society. As is today the design icons have evolved due to the innate aspects of social changes in taste, focus as well as ethnic and environmental influences. Consider that such aspects as cultural influences which inc lude economic and ethnic influences have played a considerable role in reshaping the design models. From environmental perspective researchers have established design icons to be key features that have contributed to the growth of architecture. Therefore, the manner the aspects of design icons have developed illuminates the development of diverse artifacts that defines our tastes and social preferences in both clothing and architecture. It is thus imperative to argue that the current theoretical premises in regard to development of designs are rooted in the ancient aspects of design. Hence, from the scope of aesthetic, moral and cultural context the evolution of design added value to the society. Eventually, such aspects go beyond scientific research in understanding how the ancient designers embraced and propagated designs. Hence, the growth of architectural design has witnessed the development and evolution of design concepts. By evaluating the fundamental questions regarding desi gn concepts we find that the evolution of design icons was fundamental to the growth of diverse design concepts. Though it has taken a considerable period to establish the genesis of design icons but exploring the modern aspects of designs we find the analogy steps back during the ancient period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Design Icons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Under the scope of empirical analysis as well as theoretical investigations the scope of design icons is shown to have been rooted in the ancient traditions. These traditions rotated around the scope of architecture, cultural identity as well as religious context. Therefore, designs or design icons being objects of human creation illustrated the manner the design evolution withstood the times and established itself as core aspect of human civilization. From the scope of utilitarianism we find that designs have continued to grow with time attaining more profound meaning, more so, becoming visual aspects of identity. Hence, as archeologists have established it is through designs that diverse social artifacts are identified. Design icons can be said to have evolved due to diverse social or cultural assimilation with the nature resulting in the scope of human imitating the diverse forms of design presented by the environment. Therefore, from a biological standpoint the creation of artifacts and the presentation of architectural designs explain the innate evolution of designs. Through architecture one can easily identify a particular mood concerning a specific historical period. Through the integration of architecture with the development of design we are in a position to understand the way designs evolved. This is due to the fact that from social to ethnic viewpoint architectures are more involving in regard to designs presentations. The manner the design icons have continued to develop equally relates to diverse geometrical concepts within the ancient and existing geometrical designs. Therefore the critical assessment of design evolutions shows that it is from the growth of cultures that designs flourished. As a 17th century, for instance, the impacts of designs were being experienced and executed in diverse architectural tastes all over the world. Therefore, looking the development of designs from the social context, biological considerations must be also be given a greater consideration. This is due to the fact that design icons reflected the manner designs were presented and employed to communicate. Hence the dynamics of design wholeness, integration, coherence, and correlation became the epitome of design development (Goldthwaite 2000). More so, with the time they evolved to be the principal tools of expressing the mood and the relationship relating to design icons with the environment.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As pundits and philosophers of ancient Greece established natural features provides the unique models of harmonious balance as well as proportion in regard to development of designs. Therefore, this testifies to the fact that all aspects of design evolution touches on the beauty offered by the intricate environment. Hence, the design icons were established on the same platform of providing aesthetic beauty and identity. Therefore, the production of designs demonstrates that the work of art cannot be separated from the concepts of aesthetics which governs the production of designs. This demonstrates the growth and evolution of design or design icons rests on the fact that works of art as well as living organisms are in essence schemate,unique in their own way, which man as well as the nature profoundly generates by qualifying diverse elements. Hence, this observation applies to the evolution of design which acquires definite shape, structures with the development of separate identiti es with established structural symmetry (Wilk 2006). Therefore, the above observation illustrate that the evolution of design icons was fuelled by the aspects of visual appearance as well as functional concepts. And both elements have evolved to be the base on which design wholeness is created becoming the source of the beauty as is seen in the production of design icons. Basically, this approach is well illustrated by the manner American architects have been doing in the course of 19th century. In their works it is evident that the evolution of design icons is as complex as is its organic and functional forms. Therefore, concerning the elements of designs, it’s apposite to argue that design icons evolved from static balance which is a product of generating something from the available materials. And this eventually established the profound context of designs. Modernist examples The dynamics of modernism reflects the modern aspect which strongly deviates from the traditional liberalism. Looking at the scope and the development of designs it would be instrumental to equally examine the aspects of modernism. The objective of such an approach is to understand the ancient and the modern flight of designs. This can be related to the fact that unlike in the previous periods modernism aspects came to establish design icons which have elements of simplification as their core foundation. This is well illustrated in the architectural designs which have moved away from designs which were popular during the classicism, gothic and romanticism period. It should be noted that some of the predominant designs iconic in nature were preceded by non-technological designs. However, today, the modernist designs are almost everywhere this can be testified by such iconic designs as the Salk institute complex which was designed by Louis Kahn (Thuku 2000). The manner this piece is done reflects the broad aspects which have evolved over the time. Hence, design icons have remained etched on the concepts of retaining the historicism while embracing the concepts of modernism. Therefore, the modernist example illustrates that simplicity and functional are the core elements of modern design icons. However, one of the key elements shared by the ancient aspects of design with the modernism scopes concerns the fact that both accepts that form and function are tied together. However, examining the instrumental dynamics of modernism simplicity as well as the clarity of form is given a greater weight. And this facilitates the elimination of unnecessary details. Exploring the concepts of designs leading to the modernism approaches it would be essential to realize that the old designs correlates in one way or the other with the modernist approaches. This is well reinforced by the manner the modernists create their designs though simple but employing the same principals as was employed during the gothic or romanticism period. For instance, the crystal palace though ancie nt overshadows the modern concepts of modernism theories. Therefore, the evolution of designs has taken a considerable duration to be where it is today. Despite the seamless changes the profound and iconic changes are all linked to functionality. Though the scope of modernism in evolution of designs can be defined as a revolt against the traditionalism realms of reality, the ancient approaches are equally incorporated into the modern designs. Hence what compels the modern design to be iconic is the manner they have been produced using the incorporation, as well as recapitulation of previous aspects of design into the emerging new world (Findlen 1998). The design discourse that has come to shape their iconic status regards the social changes which have been as a result of political and economic changes. Also it ought to be noted that despite the emergence of computer aided designs the old concepts as well as the modernist concepts are all linked. Take for instance, the emblematic des ign of world trade centre have a central design concept that can be said to be guided by the gothic or classism concepts. Therefore, in regard to the manner designs have evolved the diverse discourses can be allied to architects as well as design theorists interests. Looking at the aspects of applied arts concerning the past both the old and modern aspects of designs are connected by the desire to maintain design conservatism. The analogy of design history offers considerable insight into the manner diverse instruments influenced the development and evolution of design to the modern functional forms. From utilitarian scope the question of evolution is well explored where desire icons are examined from both functional and decorative perspective. Diverse elements concerning the evolution of design icons as is testified by such architectural pieces as Seagram Building in New York reflects the evolution of design icons. Hence such a design remains as iconic feature due to the manner the architectures as well as the designers modeled it on open-plan perspective. Therefore, it can be assumed that discourse that has come to shape their iconic status is founded on such assumption as artificial evolution which includes aspects of decoration (Childs 2000). That is why diverse architectural and design theorist asserts that designs are shaped by common evolutionary progressions. Therefore, considering the given examples of modernist designs it is imperative to point that they attained their iconic status due to the simple and natural prominence of the designers. In that respect, exploring the dynamics of design we are allowed to understand that the iconic status of these given designs are predominant in nature. These attributes are due to the structural, motif as well as natural forms they tend to embrace. Hence, considering designs do undergo continuous seamless abstractions and formalizations hence their origin is not obvious. Also another considerable feature giving th e mentioned designs regards the concepts tied to structural as well as the material used. Therefore, the decorative attributes offers the design structures artistic attributes. Conclusion The aesthetic beauty of designs plays a considerable role in our lives. However when we look at the concepts of design in regard to modernism we find elements of rejection which tend to sideline the aspects of former designing concepts. Despite that, it would be instrumental to assert that each period provides critical insights into the aesthetics of designing which is a trend that have continued to change (Berman 1988). Therefore, the modernist approach which ahs evolved from such periods as romanticism, classism and gothic is today influenced by technological advancements. Today the aspects of modernism designs take the central role in our social lives which are more and more are linked to diverse natural aspects. Therefore, in regard to such approach we can conclude that both old and new aspects of design have evolved as a consequence of our environment. Thus, though the design icons have evolved but the critical aspect it is equally based on what we see or relate with the natural phenomenon. Annotated bibliographies Berman, Marshall. (1988)The Experience of Modernity. London, Penguin. The aspects of modernity are examined from a critical point of view. The author looks at the development of designs in regard to the evolution of design aesthetics. Therefore, examining the elements of nature as well as the manner designs evolve the author correlates the dynamism of modernism in design to the previous patterns preceding modernity. In his opinion he captures the genesis of designs and how they have evolved. More so he delves into the various aspects related to design models and their significance. Therefore, looking through the historical lens he offers a candid insight into the scope and the nature of incorporated designs aspects which have come to be defined as modernity. C hilds, Peter (2000) Modernism.NY, Routledge. The impacts of modernism on designs cannot be under looked. Perhaps it is from such a stand the author embarked on examining the relationship and effects of modernism on designs. This is demonstrated in the manner he examines the assumptions of design evolution touching on the relationship between modernism as well as gothic periods. Using well researched and articulated observation he offers a candid insight into the genesis of designs both in functionality and utilitarianism context to the realm of modernism. Findlen, Paula. (1998)Possessing the Past: the Material World of the Italian  Renaissance. American History, 103, (1), pp. 83-114. The author has profoundly delved into the significance of material cultures in regard to aspects of design. Using a critical approach to decorative aspects the author explores the dynamics of modernism concepts in regard to the past structural features as etched in design icons. Equally, she touches o n diverse objects that embrace the designing features in our daily engagements. Using a plethora of sources she examines the impact of renaissance mindset on design icons. More so, her approach too touches on the impact of design on humanistic aspects which blends into the natural beauty we cherish. Therefore, the consequential balance touches on the convincing measures that design both in ancient and modern context. Goldthwaite, Richard A. (2000)The Economic and Social World of Italian  Renaissance Maiolica. Renaissance Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 1-32. The evolution of design can be compactly explored from the stance projected by the author on this article. From the authors perspective the changes in styles defines the designs essence both in and after production. Therefore, the author looks at the core features of luxury market which operates in line with the production of artifacts. In regard to such engagement he highlights the potter’s expertise in styles and designs. Thus in analogy to potters approaches the author explores the historical analysis of design, growth and creation of design icons. Hence, with structural and material consideration he offers profound insight into the significance of design as is opposed to the modernists who had the knack to reject the old design features. Kumar, Sandeep, et al. (2004) Analyzing planning and design  discourses.London,Pion The authors have employed the critical features of design discourses in regard to models. Their argument illuminates the significance of having analytical approach in regard to designs. This they assert in instrumental in developing apposite methods of evaluating the stability of evolving designs. Therefore, according to their analysis design discourses is paramount in identifying diverse discrepancies. Equally, they have noted that designs do evolve within definite platforms which must be established effectively. Looking at the concepts of design from the scope of art, film, style ar chitecture the authors touches on the significance of design and their prominence. Thuku, Daniel. (2000).Designing the world.Capetown, Blackman Book. The author explores the aesthetics of designs, investigating the structural motifs as well as the patterns which define ancient and the modern design models. In essence, the author takes us through the history of design models which have shaped the world. In his approach the author notes designs provides essential concepts which are fundamental ways. Wilk, Christopher. (2006) What was modernism. London, V A Publications. From a profound perspective the author tackles the broad aspects of modernism in the ever changing world of design. By exploring the diverse aspects of design he offers a decisive insight into growth of modernism. This he does by explaining the manner design models have acquired prominence and influenced the society. The author tackles the question of what is modernism by exploring the previous design aspects which wer e popular during the renaissance. Looking at the effect of art he touches on the foundational concepts of art which reflects natural scope of designs. Wohl, Hellmut. (1999) A Reconsideration of Style. Cambridge, Cambridge  University. Through a critical culture analysis the author delves into the world of renaissance art. Using the contextual understanding of cultural context he explores the value as well as the significance of design and style in the Italian art. From his perspective he traces the path designs undertake when evolving. From his stance we get the reflection of such aspects as artificial design evolution, the relationship between romanticism and constructivism in regard to design. More so he touches on concepts of decorative features most commonly evaluated by architectural and design theorists. References List Berman, Marshall. (1988)The Experience of Modernity. London, Penguin. Childs, Peter. (2000) Modernism.NY, Routledge. Findlen, Paula. (1998)Possessing the Pas t: the Material World of the Italian Renaissance. American History, 103, (1), pp. 83-114. Goldthwaite, Richard A. (2000)The Economic and Social World of Italian Renaissance Maiolica. Renaissance Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 1-32. Kumar, Sandeep, et al. (2004) Analyzing planning and design discourses.London, Pion Thuku, Daniel. (2000).Designing the world.Capetown, Blackman Book. Wilk, Christopher. (2006) What was modernism. London, V A Publications. Wohl, Hellmut. (1999) A Reconsideration of Style. Cambridge, Cambridge University.

How to Get a 30 (or Higher!) on the ACT 9 Key Tips

How to Get a 30 (or Higher!) on the ACT 9 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A 30 ACT score is a solid goal to have for test day. But how difficult is it to get a 30? How many questions can you miss? And what kinds of schools can you get into with a 30? In this guide, we teach you how to get a 30 on the ACT with our nine top tips, covering everything from starting your prep through picking answers on test day. In fact, the tips in this article will help you even if you're shooting for a higher or lower score, like a 32 or a 29. But first, what are the benefits of getting a 30? Can You Get a 30 on the ACT? Why Aim for a 30? In short, yes, you can get a 30 on the ACT- as long as you're willing to dedicate a lot of effort to your prep. Be aware, though:getting a 30 will be easier for some students than it will be for others. How easy (or difficult) it is for you ultimately depends on where you're currently scoring and how much time you can commit to studying. But why 30?Is 30 a good ACT score? According topercentiles,an ACT score of 30is quite high. Data collected by ACT, Inc., shows that a 30corresponds to the 94th percentile. In other words, very few test takers- only 6 percent- score 30 or higher on the ACT, making it a great score to aim for on test day. Getting a 30 offers a couple of benefits to test takers. One isthat it can help make up for less impressive parts of your college application. For example, if you had a lower GPA, an ACT score of 30 could make your application more impressive to schools by showcasing your test-taking skills and proficiency in ACT topics. Another benefit is thatyou’ll have a better shot at getting accepted to competitive schools. With a score of 30, you’ll be just around average for admitted students to many selective private schools, such as Boston University and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.You’ll also be in the 75th percentile (that is, at a very good advantage!) for numerous public universities, including UMass Amherst and UC Santa Barbara. On the other hand, a 30 is low for extremely competitive schools. For Ivy League schools such as Harvard and Princeton, a 30 places you below the 25th percentile, meaning you’ll have a very small chance of getting accepted. Too bad the ACT doesn't test how proficient you are in hitting people in Mario Kart. (Giancarlo Marseglia Ceccoli/Flickr) What’s Needed to Get a 30 ACT Score? A 30 ACT score means scoring highly on all sections of the exam (excluding Writing, as this optional section score does not affect your composite score). Because your composite score is the average of your four section scores (English, Math, Reading, and Science), you must aim for at least a composite ACT score of 29.5- or around 30 on each section. These section scores can vary. For example, you could aim for scores in the upper 30s on your stronger sections and scores in the upper 20s on your weaker sections and still get a composite score of 30. To do this, however, you'll always need to score at least 30 on two or more sections of the exam. Here are some ways you could get a composite ACT score of 30: 30s on all four sections. 30s on two sections and 29s on the other two. 32s on two sections and 28s on the other two. 32, 31, 29, and 28 on the four sections. (And so on.) So how many correct answers do you need to get a 30 on the ACT? In truth, the answer varies depending on what test you take. Since all ACTs differ slightly in difficulty,the number of questions you must answer correctly to get a 30 also varies slightly with each test. Below, we’ve analyzed five score conversion tables from official ACT practice tests to calculate approximately how many questions you must get right to get a 30 on each section of the exam. (Remember, you don’t necessarily need to get 30s on all four sections, but you will need to get 30s on at least two sections.) After averaging the conversions, here's what we discovered: To get a 30 on ... You’ll need an average raw score of ... Meaning you can miss around ... English 67 8 questions Math 51 9 questions Reading 34 6 questions Science 36 4 questions Once again, these numbers are allapproximations based on the average number of raw points you'd need to get 30s on five different ACT practice tests. The chart above indicates that you can miss the most raw points on Math and the least on Science. You can also miss several questions on English and slightly fewer on Reading to get a 30. Here is an example of anACT scoring chart, with score conversions to 30 highlighted: Overall, you can’t miss more than a small handful of questions on each section of the ACT if you’re hoping to score a 30. To avoid missing too many questions, you must ultimately learn what to expect on test day and how to study effectively for each ACT section. We teach you how to do this next. Tip #0: don't build a pillow fort to try to hide from the ACT. How to Get a 30 on the ACT: 9 Key Tips Getting a 30 isn’t easy, but it’s certainly not impossible- you just need to know how to prepare. Our top nine tips below teach you how to get a 30 on the ACT and give you the confidence you'll need for test day. #1: Create a Study Plan When aiming for a 30 on the ACT, you'll definitely want to use a study plan to guide your prep, ideally one that specifically prepares you for getting a 30. Start by taking an official ACT practice testto get your baseline score.This is the score you start out with before beginning any ACT prep. As you take the test, try to recreate real testing conditions to give yourself a more accurate indicator of your scoring ability. This means you'll need to minimize potential distractions, take the test in a quiet room, and time yourself using the official time limits. Once finished, use your test’s scoring guide to calculate your section and composite scores. The composite score (out of 36) you get will be your baseline score. Next, subtract your baseline score from your goal score (in this case, 30) to see how many points you'll need to improve by to hit your goal score. Match this difference to one of the point ranges below to see the approximate number of hours you’ll need to study: 0-1 point improvement: 10 hours 1-2 point improvement: 20 hours 2-4 point improvement: 40 hours 4-6 point improvement: 80 hours 6-9 point improvement: 150 hours+ For example, if I scored 26 on a practice test, I’d need 4 points to hit my goal score of 30. Using the list above, we can see that this difference corresponds roughly to 40-80 hours of prep time. Once you’ve figured out the number of study hours you'll need to do, draft a study schedule that works well for you. You should try to study consistently every week until test day, so make sure to divide up your time appropriately. In addition, try to plan around any obligations you have in the time leading up to your test. #2: Use High-Quality Study Materials To get a 30 ACT score, you’ll need to use the best ACT resources currently available. This means no low-quality prep books, no sketchy websites, and no inefficient apps. By far the best resources to use are official ACT materials, many of which are completely free! Popular options include official ACT practice tests, sample questions, and The Official ACT Prep Guide, which currently sells for around $25 on Amazon. Be pickier when choosing unofficial ACT materials. I recommend only opting for those that are highly rated and contain realistic practice questions with comprehensive answer explanations. (Bonus if it includes helpful test-taking tips!) Our guides to the best ACT prep books, apps, websites, and vocabulary listscan give you more info on what unofficial resources to use. In short, always remember that quality beats quantity. There’s no point in getting tons of ACT resources if they’re not going to actually help you understand the test and get the 30 you want, so only get whatever you think will be most useful. #3: Track Your Progress Using Practice Tests An ACT study plan not only helps you space out your prep sessions but also allows you to track your progress. Throughout your studies, it's important to take occasional full-length practice tests to see whether your score is improving. How many tests you take and how often you take them depends on the amount of time you have left before test day. Generally, it’s helpful to take a test every few weeks (but never right before test day!). Once you’ve calculated your score for a practice test, use this to see whether your score is, on average, rising or staying the same. If it’s not rising as quickly as you want it to, consider what kinds of concepts or topics you can focus on more to help raise your score on another attempt. My biggest mistake? Eating eight boxes of Girl Scout cookies within a week. (brian/Flickr) #4: Analyze Your Mistakes When aiming high on the ACT, you’ll need to understand exactly what you’re getting wrong and what you can do to fix your mistakes. As you review your answers to ACT practice questions and tests, don’t just mark the correct answer and move on- take a few minutes to think deeply about why you might’ve missed a certain problem. I recommend doing this before you look at the answer explanation as a way to sharpen your problem-solving skills. After,re-solve the problem and usethe correct answer to guide your thinking. For example, if you thought the answer to a math question was 13 but it was really 36, go through the entire problem again, this time using a different approach to see whether you can find the correct answer on your own. #5: Drill Your Weaknesses Weaknesses will keep you from getting an ACT score of 30. They prevent you from getting certain questions right, even when you’ve studied the concepts. So how do you overcome your weak spots? First, by simply understanding what they are. To see what concepts you struggle the most with, go over all of the ACT practice tests and questions you've completed and try to look forpatterns in the questions you got wrong. For example, are you always missing geometry questions? Do you spend too much time on big-picture questions? Once you know what’s bringing down your score, you can then focus on drilling these weak spots in your prep. This means you’ll need to practice the questions you get wrong, review relevant strategies, and monitor your performance through practice tests to ensure you’re improving. #6: Get Key Strategies Down Pat No matter what score you're aiming for, you should always familiarize yourself with the most useful ACT strategies before taking the test. By "strategies," I mean test-taking approaches and tricks you can use to increase your chances of getting a high score (ideally, a 30!). Some ACT strategies target certain sections of the exam, whereas others apply to the entire test. Not all strategies will necessarily suit you (for example, it's best to pick just one passage-reading strategy that works well for you), but you should always try out all major approaches before choosing one to stick with. Before we dive into section-specific strategies, here are the three general ACT strategies you should be using on test day: Answer every question. There's no penalty for incorrect answers on the ACT, so try to answer every question, even if you have to guess. Because each question is multiple choice with four or five answer choices (only Math questions have five answer choices- everything else has four), you’ll always have at least a 20-25 percent chance of getting it right. Skip hard questions and return to them later. If you come across a question you can’t solve within a reasonable amount of time (see #7), mark the question and proceed to the next one. Then, once you finish the section, go back to any marked questions and try to approach them with a fresh perspective. Use the process of elimination. Not sure which answer choice is correct? Narrowing down your choices can dramatically raise your chance of getting the question right. For example, by eliminating three answer choices for a math question, your possibility of answering it correctly rises from 20 to 50 percent! For additional ACT tips and strategies, check out our individual section guides: English The Top 9 ACT English Strategies You Must Use The Best Way to Approach ACT English Passages How to Get 36 on ACT English: 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Math Plugging in Numbers: a Critical SAT/ACT Math Strategy Plugging in Answers: a Critical SAT Math/ACT Math Strategy How to Guess Strategically on ACT Math How to Get 36 on ACT Math: 8 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer Reading The #1 Critical, Fundamental Strategy of ACT Reading The Best Way to Approach the ACT Reading Passage How to Answer ACT Reading Questions: 5-Step Guide How to Get 36 on ACT Reading: Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Science The 5 Best Strategies for Reading ACT Science Passages The ACT Science Strategies You Must Be Using The Hardest ACT Science Questions and Strategies to Solve Them How to Get 36 on ACT Science: 13 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Writing ACT Writing Rubric: Full Analysis and Essay Strategies ACT Writing Tips: 15 Strategies to Raise Your Essay Score Why You Shouldn’t Copy Skeleton Templates for the SAT/ACT Essay How to Get a Perfect 12 on the ACT Writing Essay The #1 strategy for Monopoly? Flip the board into the air and play Sorry! instead. #7: Use Your Time Wisely Another key strategy we didn't mention above is to use your time wisely on each section of the ACT.Being able to allocate your time appropriately means you won't be spending too much (or too little) time on certain questions. The chart below shows how much time you have per question on each ACT section. These limits are estimates in that they assume you'll spend the same amount of time on every question. ACT Section Time Per Question English 36 seconds Math 60 seconds Reading 53 seconds Science 53 seconds As you can see, you’ll have the least amount of time per question on English and the most on Math. But even a whole minute can fly by on a math question, so you'll need to know how to approach ACT problems fast yet effectively.For tips on how to pace yourself, check out our time management guides for ACT Math, Reading, and Science. As I mentioned in tip #6, it's a good idea to answer every question since there's no penalty for incorrect answers. But thetime crunch is one of the most challenging parts of the ACT, often making it difficult to finish certain sections in time or get lengthier, more complicated questions correct. Therefore, if you're aiming for a 30, it may be better for you tospend a little more time trying to get questions rightthan to worry about trying to solve every question. You know you'll be missing a few points anyway, so use the time you would've spent answering tougher questions on solving the questions you're absolutely certain youcan get right with a little extra time. Then, just guess on the few you don't have time for. #8: Avoid Careless Errors and Double-Check Your Answers High scorers on the ACT primarily miss questions due to careless errors- that is, questions you misread or misinterpreted, answer choices you didn't fill in correctly, or answer choices you didn't confirm were correct before moving on to the next question. These types of errors, though frustrating, are entirely avoidable. The good news is that these errors mean you’re not struggling with the content of the exam, but the bad news is that you’re losing points on questions as a result of mere hastiness. The best way to avoid making careless errors is to double-check your answers.This means you'll look over each answer before proceeding to the next question. So on a math question, you could quickly double-check your answer choice by plugging it back in and re-solving. Or on an English question, you could reread the sentence you’ve corrected to ensure it sounds accurate. If you have extra time at the end of a section, goback through each question to check that you’ve answered all of them and have marked the appropriate answers on your answer sheet. Here are some additional tricks you can use to prevent careless errors: Read all questions carefully. If you skim, you might misunderstand what the question is asking you to do. For example, on Math, this could mean you accidentally solve for the wrong algebraic expression. Therefore, always read every word in a question. Reread any part of a question you don’t understand.You can't expect to get a question right if you don't get what it's asking you to do. If there's any phrase or word throwing you off, reread the question until you're pretty sure you know what it means. Read all of the answer choices before choosing one.Don't just go straight for the answer choice you think is right- often, what sounds correct isn't actually correct, as many plausible answer choices are included in order to mislead you. Read through all of the answer choices so that you can be certain you know which is right. Write neatly.If your notes are sloppy or confusing (especially when solving for math problems), you'll likely struggle to make sense of what you've written and might even choose the wrong answer as a result. Always write cleanly and coherently so that you don't accidentally foil your own efforts on test day. #9: Don’t Psych Yourself Out Last but not least, don’t let the pressure of the ACT freak you out. Getting a 30 takes hard work, but you shouldn't overwhelm yourself or feel as though your future depends on an ACT score. As long as you’ve got a solid study plan and quality ACT resources, you’re well on your way to getting a great score. Additionally, try to remain calm on test day. A little anxiety is expected, but letting your nerves get to you can make you lose both your concentration and confidence. If you don’t get a 30, remind yourself that it’s not the end of the world; you can always retake the exam or work on improving other parts of your college application. Your chances of college acceptance aren't determined solely by your ACT score, so don’t assume you’re doomed with anything below a 30! Don't look like this after you take the ACT. Seriously. Don't magically turn into a dog. Conclusion: How to Get a 30 on the ACT Many students aim for a 30 on the ACT, but is 30 a good ACT score? Absolutely! In fact,a 30 ACT score is very competitive- in the top 4 percent of test takers, to be exact.This score gives you a solid shot at getting into many moderately competitive universities, such as UC Santa Barbara and Boston University. To get a 30, you mustscore highly on all four sections of the exam (excluding Writing). Specifically, you’ll need to get at least a 30 on two sections and a composite score of 29.5 (which rounds to 30) or higher. This means you can only miss a handful of questions on each section. Above, we taught you how to get a 30 on the ACT using our top nine tips. As a reminder, here are our tips again: Come up with a foolproof study plan Obtain high-quality resources (official ones are a great place to start) Track your progress with practice tests Analyze your mistakes on tests and questions Drill your weak spots so that they don’t bring down your score Learn and practice all major ACT strategies Use your time wisely Avoid making careless errors by double-checking your answers andreading more closely Focus on doing well without psyching yourself out Armed with these tips, you'll be on your way to getting a 30 in no time! What’s Next? Want to aim even higher- say, for a perfect 36?Then check out our in-depth guide to getting a perfect ACT score, written by a real full scorer. What's considered a good ACT score?Our expert guide goes over what ACT scores and percentiles you'll need to aim for in order to be considered a competitive applicant for your schools. What about bad ACT scores? How low is too low?If you're not sure where your score stands, read our guide to low ACT scoresto learn what's considered a poor ACT score. Then, get tips on how to improve. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today: